@L}5 _$% l0$)$$Hȱ$ UhL" `e$$%`$%`  R@W!( L(1   Y I`  d  Ld M * @  $ % CC$$)%1 Udߥ$9%: !0 S$% DD˙`  }J)Lr Fundamentals of Bridgeby Walt HuberTABLE OF CONTENTS BRIDGE FUNDAMENTALS Definitions Bidding in Brid}ge Open Bid/Point Count Responses Opener's Rebid 2nd Resp./Later Bids 1-2 No Trump} Bids No Trump disk hands Pre-emptive Bids Gambling 3 No Trump Gambling disk hands } Roman 2 Diamonds Roman disk hands Two Clubs Two Clubs disk hands Slam Bidding} Defensive Bidding Takeout Doubles Michaels Cue Bid Michaels disk hands Basic H }and Play Defensive Play Playing Tactics Trump Suit Play No Trump Play BRIDGE FUNDAME }NTALSBridge uses a standard 52 card deck, with the ace high and the deuce low. In descending order the suits are ranked spa }des, hearts, diamonds and clubs. Bids in bridge are made in suits and also in No Trump. No Trump as a bid ranks higher than a }ny suit bid.Bridge is a partnership game. By convention players are identified by points of the compass. North and South are } partners, as are East and West. In Blue Team Bridge (henceforth BT) you always play South, with the computer playing North a}s your partner, East and West as your opponents.In a hand of bridge, the cards are shuffled and dealt so that each player ha}s 13 cards. The dealer is chosen randomly in BT, and always bids first, with the bid rotating clockwise among the players. A }bid to play a hand always has 2 components; the level of the bid and the suit (or No Trump) that will be trump. No Trump indi}cates that no suit will be trump. The bid levels range from 1 to 7, and any bid to play promises to take 6 tricks (Book) in a}ddition to the bid level indicated. A bid of '1 Spade' promises to take 7 tricks with spades as trumps. A bid of '3 No Trump'} promises to take 9 tricks with no suit trump. A player cannot bid a lower ranking suit at the same level of the current high} bid. Thus if one player has bid '1 Heart', a subsequent player cannot bid '1 Club' or '1 Diamond'. If either suit was to be }bid, it would have to be done at least at the level of 2(2 Clubs or 2 Diamonds). A bid in No Trump forces any subsequent bid }to be at least one bid level higher. The lowest possible bid is 1 Club, while the highest is 7 No Trump.A player who does no}t want to bid may on their turn Pass. A player who Passes may bid on a later turn, if any. If the opponents,currently have th}e high bid, a player may on their turn Double. Doubling a contract doubles the penalties if the contract fails, and also doub}les the points scored if the contract is successful. A player who's partnership has been doubled may on his turn Redouble, wh}ich multiplies all penalty and contract points by 4. Any subsequent bid to contract for the hand cancels any previous Double }or Redouble.The bidding continues until 3 players in a row Pass. The Declarer of a contract is the member of the bid-winning} pair who bid the trump suit (or No Trump) first. Should all four players pass on the first turn, the hand is Passed Out with}out penalty, and is not played.After a contract has been set, the hand is played out. The player to the left of the declarer} leads the first card, which may be any card in his hand. Declarer's partner then exposes his entire hand, which is known as }the Dummy. The Declarer plays this hand as well as his own. Play follows in clockwise rotation with the Declarer playing a ca }rd from Dummy. Players must follow suit if possible, otherwise they may play any card. The player to the right of Declarer th!}en plays a card, followed by the Declarer. The hand playing the highest card wins, which in No Trump will always be the highe"}st card of the led suit, while in suit contracts the highest trump card played, if any, would prevail over the highest of the#} led suit.Each group of 4 cards, one from each player such as just outlined, is known as a trick. The hand winning the trick$} then leads another card, and play continues in the same manner until all of the cards have been played. Each pair then count%}s the tricks they have taken to determine if the contract was made.SCORINGThe object of bridge is to score points, and one&} method is the successful completion of a contract. In scoring the first 6 tricks (Book) are ignored. Each trick over Book is'} worth 30 points with Spades or Hearts(major suits) trump, and 20 points with Clubs or Diamonds(minor suits) trump. In No Tru(}mp the first trick over Book is worth 40 points, each subsequent trick 30 points.Bonus scoring in BT is the same as in dupli)}cate or tournament bridge. Game bonuses are scored only when game has been bid and made. To make a game at least 100 points o*}f tricks must be bid and won. The minimum game bids are 3 No Trump, 4 Hearts or 4 Spades, 5 Clubs or 5 Diamonds. Doubling and+} Redoubling contracts, by increasing the points per trick, lower the bid level needed to make game. A 2 level bid in a major,} Doubled will count as a game if the contract succeeds. A 2 level bid in a minor Doubled and Redoubled will also count as a g-}ame if the contract is made.Slam bonuses are awarded only when contracts at the level of 6 or 7 are bid and made. There are .}Small Slams (taking 12 tricks) and Grand Slams (taking all 13 tricks).A partial bonus of 50 points is awarded for any contra/}ct that is made short of game.Vulnerability in contract bridge depends on whether a pair has previously scored a game in a r0}ubber (a 2 out 3 match). If they have, they're vulnerable, otherwise they are not. Similar to tournament bridge, in BT vulner1}ability is a random factor. Vulnerability affects the scoring both in bonuses and penalties. Players should always be aware o2}f their side's vulnerability. SCORING EXAMPLESBID MADE PTS. ADDNL. TOT.PTS.3H 4 120 50 1702S 3}2 60 50 1104S 4 120 300(500) 420 (620)2C 2 40 50 905C 5 100 300(500) 400 (600)4}3NT 3 100 300(500) 400 (600)6H 6 180 300(500) 980(1430)7NT 7 220 300(500) 1520(2220)()Indicates the points awa5}rded when the pair is vulnerable.OVERTRICKS AND DEFEATED CONTRACTSAs can be seen from the first example of 3 Hearts, makin6}g 4 (contracting to make 9 tricks and taking 10), overtricks without penalty bids are counted normally. Making 4 hearts did n7}ot acheive game bonus, however, since it was not bid.If a contract is defeated, the opposing pair receive 50 points for each8} trick under the required amount when the contract pair are not Vulnerable and 100 points for each undertrick when the contra9}cted pair are Vulnerable.PENALTY BIDS AND PENALTY SCORINGAs previously noted, players may in some circumstances in the cou:}rse of bidding Double or Redouble. Should a contract be played with a penalty bid in effect, the point values for tricks, ove;}rtricks and undertricks are increased. The point values for tricks in a successful contract are multiplied by 2 when Doubled,<} multiplied by 4 when Redoubled. In addition, a contract made under penalty earns a bonus of 50 points. If the trick score in=} a contract made under penalty is 100 or more points, game bonuses are also given. For example, a 2 Spade contract Doubled is>} in effect a game contract, as is a 2 Diamond contract Redoubled. Overtricks when not Vulnerable receive 100 points each when?} Doubled, 200 Redoubled. When Vulnerable, overtricks net 200 points Doubled and 400 points Redoubled.If a contract under pen@}alty is defeated, the opposing pair receive increased points. A 2 Spade contract Doubled and down 2 (making 2 less than necesA}sary) will net the opponents 100 points for the first undertrick when the contract pair is not Vulnerable, or 200 points VulnB}erable. The second (and every additional) undertrick is worth 200 points when not Vulnerable, 300 points Vulnerable. The totaC}l points awarded would then be 300 when the contract pair is not Vulnerable, 500 points if Vulnerable. If the contract was ReD}doubled and defeated as before, the values increase to 200 and 400 for a total of 600 when not Vulnerable, and 400 and 600 foE}r a total of 1000 when Vulnerable. Doubling and Redoubling can drastically effect scoring in both directions, so penalty bidsF} should be made with great care.DEFINITIONSCONVENTION-an understanding between a partnership regarding the use of a bid G}or series of bids.DISTRIBUTION-the way a hand is divided among the suits. A 4-4-3-2 distribution indicates two-4 card suitsH}, one 3 card and one 2 card suit.DEFENSIVE TRICKS-are those tricks that are likely to be won by a hand no matter what the cI}ontract is. An ace is a defensive trick, a guarded king is 1/2 defensive trick. An AK or AQ are considered 2 or 1-1/2 defensiJ}ve tricks, respectively, provided that against suit contracts the suit is not more than 6 cards long, in which case only the K}ace is counted as a trick.STOPPER-a card that in the course of playing the hand would normally take a trick. An ace is alwaL}ys a stopper, as is a king led suit of 2 or more, or a queen guarded by at least 2 other cards. A four card suit is also consM}idered a stopped suit in BT.PREEMPTIVE-refers to bids of more than one in the majors or more than 2 in the minors. By biddiN}ng a long suit at a higher level with a defensively weak hand, the bidder attempts to shut out or at least disrupt the opponeO}nts' bidding.ARTIFICIAL BID-a bid designed to show a specific type of hand, or requests partner to do so, rather than indicP}ate a playable suit.ALERT-bids that because of their non-standard or artificial nature must be alerted to the opposing teamQ}.RULE OF 2 AND 3-in preemptive bids, the hand should be within 3 tricks of making the contract if not Vulnerable, or 2 tricR}ks if Vulnerable.BLACKWOOD-a slam convention used to locate aces and kings. In BT it is used only to locate aces.GAMBLINGS} 3 NO TRUMP-a convention used by BT. The 'Gambling' implies a certain risk to the bid.s used only to locate aces.GAMBLINGXJACOBY TRANSFERS-a convention used in response to 1NT or 2NT that requests the opener to bid the suit immediately above the sU}uit just bid.MICHAELS CUE BID-a defensive bid of the opponents' last bid suit, showing a 2-suited hand and requests partnerV} to bid.ROMAN 2 DIAMONDS-native to the Italian Roman system, shows a strong 3-suited hand.WEAK JUMP OVERCALL-similar to aW} preemptive opening bid, except that the opponents have already opened the bidding.FIT of the pairs' hands can refer to theX} overall combination of all the suits in both hands. A bad fit is typically one hand that has length and strength in suits thY}at partner's hand is weak in. A good fit generally has the strength of both hands in the same suits. Fit also describes how wZ}ell an individual suit matches between the hands.HONORS are the top 5 cards of a suit (AKQJ10). In BT any reference to hono[}rs mean the top 4 honors (AKQJ).BIDDABLE SUIT in BT is any 5 card or longer suit, or any 4 card suit headed by the jack or \}better. In BT opening bids are not made with 4 card majors.REBIDDABLE SUIT is any 5 card suit headed by at least 2 of the t]}op 4 honors, or any 6 card or longer suit.FORCING-a bid that requires partner to bid unless the next opponent bids.SEMI-F^}ORCING bids strongly request partner to bid with any values beyond the minimum already promised by his last bid.TEMPORIZE-b_}ids that are made with 3 card minors or 4 card minor suits not normally considered biddable. A waiting bid to show additional`} strength on the next bid in support of partner's suit.BIDDING IN BRIDGEBT uses the Standard American bidding system wita}h added conventions that result in an improved system. ABBREVIATIONS USEDS=Spades HCP=High Card PointsH=Hearts DIb}S=Distribution PointsD=Diamonds TP=Total PointsC=Clubs NT=No TrumpTHE POINT COUNTIn order to determine if a hand is c}worth bidding, a logical method should be employed in arriving at its' value. Assigning points to the top 4 honors (AKQJ) andd} distribution points are added together for the total points, and by agreed to rules it can be decided if the hand can open te}he bidding, respond to an opening bid or overcall competitively. It is important that partners use the same method in assignif}ng values to a hand and the same bidding system.Card Points Dist. PointsAce 4 Void 3King 3 g} Singleton 2Queen 2 Doubleton 1Jack 1Do not count HCP for a singleton king, a doubleton queen, or a jh}ack with less than 3 other cards unless part of a 3 card suit led by another honor. Aces can always be counted in a short suii}t, and DIS, if any, can be increased by one if the ace is present. A suit consisting of a singleton ace has 4 HCP and 3 DIS.j}EXAMPLESS A J 10 4 5 pts S K 7 6 3 ptsH Q 4 3 2 pts H A Q J 10 7 6 7 ptsD 9 8 4 2 0 pts D k}J 2 ptsC A 8 6 pts C 8 5 3 0 ptsTotal 13 pts Total 12 ptsThe two exampl}les are also typical of what are considered minimum opening hands.OPENING BIDS OF ONE IN A SUIT 12-22 TP RANGERULE 1 - m}open any hand that has 13 or more TP.RULE 2 - open any hand that has 12 TP and a 6 card major headed by honors totalling atn} least 6HC.RULE 3 - hands with a 5 card suit and one or two 4 card suits should be opened with the 5 card suit.RULE 4 - ho}ands with two 5 card or two 6 card suits should be opened with the higher ranking suit.RULE 5 - hands with 7 card or longerp} suits should always be opened with the long suit.RULE 6 - hands with a 6 card and a 5 card suit should be opened with the q}6 card suit if it is higher ranked or the hand has more than 15 TP; otherwise open the 5 card suit.RULE 7 - hands with a 6 r}card and a 4 card suit should be opened with the 6 card suit.RULE 8 - hands with three 4 card suits should be opened with ts}he highest ranked 4 card minor.RULE 9 - hands with two 4 card suits, one or both of them a minor, should be opened with thet} highest ranked 4 card minor.RULE 10 - hands with one 4 card suit should be opened with the 4 card suit if it is a minor.u}RULE 11 - hands with one or two 4 card majors should be opened with the strongest minor suit.ONE NO TRUMP 15-18 HCPRULE v}12 -hands with 15-18 HCP, no 5 card major, stoppers in 3 or 4 suits, and not more than one doubleton, open with 1 NT.TWO DIw}AMONDS (ROMAN)* ARTIFICIAL BID 16-21 HCPRULE 13 - hands with 5-4-4-0 or 4-4-4-1 distribution and 16-21 HC should be openex}d 2 Diamonds.TWO NO TRUMP 22-24 HCPRULE 14 - hands with 22-24 HCP, not more than one doubleton and stoppers in all suitsy} should be opened 2 NT.TWO CLUBS - ARTIFICIAL BID 22+TPRULE 15 - strong hands where 2 Diamonds or 2 NT are not appropriz}ate,and where there is at least 19 HCP should be opened 2 Clubs.TWO HEARTS OR SPADES ANDTHREE CLUBS OR DIAMONDS - PREEMPTI{}VE 8-12 TPRULE 16 - hands with a 6 card or longer suit and at least 3 of the top 5 cards (AKQJ10), and not more than 12 TP|} should be opened with 2 of the major or 3 of the minor long suit.THREE NO TRUMP (GAMBLING)* -SOLID MINOR SUITRULE 17 - h}}ands with a 6 card minor headed by AKQJ, or with a 7 card or longer minor headed by AKQ, and not more than an outside king sh~}ould be opened 3 NT.FOUR SPADES OR HEARTS ANDFIVE CLUBS OR DIAMONDS - PREEMPTIVE - NOT MORE THAN 15 TPRULE 18 - hands th}at have a solid or semi-solid suit of at least 7 cards, not more than 2 1/2 defensive tricks and meet the requirements of the} Rule of 2 and 3 should be opened 4 of the major or 5 of the minor long suit.* indicates an ALERT bid.WHICH BID DO YOU MA}KE?Sometimes an opening hand fits into more than one category in terms of Point Count and distribution. This also usually m}eans a choice between bidding one of a suit and one that more clearly identifies the type and strength of the hand.RULE 19 }- when there is a choice in opening bids, select the bid that is most descrptive.S A 10 7 S A K J 9 8H Q J 2 } H A Q 5 4D K Q 9 6 D VOIDC A 8 3 C K Q 7 2 (a) (b)Hand (a) could be bid per RULE 10 (1} diam.). But it also meets the requirements for bidding 1NT, which is the correct bid.Hand (b) could be bid per RULE 3 (1 Sp}ade). It also meets the basic requirements of RULE 13. Bid 2 diamonds.EXAMPLES - The correct bid and appropriate RULE to ju}stify the bid selected is indicated below each hand. Unless RULE 2 is noted, all hands are assumed to meet RULE 1.S A J 10} 4 S K 7 6H Q 4 3 H A Q J 10 7 6D 9 8 4 2 D JC A 8 C 9 8 6 1 DIAMOND } 1 HEART RULE 9 RULES 2,7S A Q S VOIDH K Q 9 7 H K J 8 7 6D A K J } D Q 4C A J 5 2 C A Q 7 4 3 2 2 NO TRUMP 1 HEART RULE 14 RULE 6S 9 7 3 2 } S 8 7H A K 5 H K Q J 4D Q J 7 D K 8C K Q J C A J 10 7 5 1 NO TRUMP } 1 CLUB RULE 12 RULE 3S VOID S Q J 9 4H VOID H 9D J 10 9 8 7 6 5 D A Q J }5C A Q 8 4 3 2 C A K J 5 1 DIAMOND 2 DIAMONDS RULE 5 RULE 13S A 8 7 4 S Q J} 10 7 5H K Q 9 5 H K 4D 7 D A K 8 3 2C Q 7 5 4 C 10 1 CLUB 1 SPADE} RULE 8 RULE 4S Q 5 2 S Q 6 2H 9 H J 10 7D A K Q 9 8 5 3 D A K 5 3C 6} 3 C A 9 2 3 NO TRUMP 1 DIAMOND RULE 17 RULE 10S A 4 2 S J 10 9 7 5 4}H K 7 5 2 H VOIDD A Q 3 D K 8 2C 9 8 6 C A K Q 5 3 2 1 DIAMOND 1 SPADE } RULE 11 RULE 4ADJUSTING THE POINT COUNTPreviously it was shown how to count the high card and distribution }points in your hand. After bidding has taken place, the values assigned can be adjusted to a degreee.WHEN PARTNER HAS BID A} NATURAL SUITIf you have trump support and plan to play in his suit-1-if the suit has 4 cards, add one point.2-if the su}it has 5 or more cards, add 2 points for each trump past the 4th card.3-count 5 points for a void.4-count 3 points for a si}ngleton.When you lack trump support and no other fit is found, subtract any DIS the hand has in partner's suit.When you pl}an to bid in No Trump or another suit, unguarded honors (Qx,Jx,etc..) in partner's suit(s) may be counted their high card val}ue.Consideration should be given to the overall fit of the hand when adjusting the point count. When the hands don't seem t}o match avoid going overboard in squeezing extra points out of your hand.RESPONSESYour partner has opened the bidding, and} any bid you make is a 'response'. As a responder you have more information than the opening bidder. Based on the type of ope}ning bid, the responder can make an initial appraisal of the combined strength of both hands. This first approximation will l}ikely be revised as subsequent bidding takes place, but is the basis for the first response.Except for responding to Preempti}ve opening bids, it takes fewer points to respond to an opening bid.It is important to know the combined Total Points requir}ed to make a game or slam.Game in No Trump 26 HCPGame in a major suit 26 TPGame in a minor suit 29 TPSmall Slam (}NT) 33 HCPSmall Slam (suits) 33 TPGrand Slam (NT) 37 HCPGrand Slam (suits) 37 TPThese are 'rules of th}umb'. Sometimes game or slam can be made with less strength, while sometimes it takes more. It really depends on the overall }distribution of the cards and how well the hands 'fit'. The point counts indicated are based on the expectation of the more l}ikely distributional situations and reasonably good fitting hands.TRUMP SUPPORT - MAJOR SUITS-any four cards or three car}ds headed by an ace or face card.-any three cards if the hand cannot properly make another bid.TRUMP SUPPORT - MINOR SUITS}-four or more cards.RESPONDING TO OPENING BIDS OF ONE IN A SUIT()indicates the min. pts. needed if you previously passed.}0-5 TPRULE 1R - Pass with less than 6 TP.STRONG HANDS11-14 TP JUMP TO GAME IN PARTNER'S SUITRULE 2R - Major Suits }- with not more than 9 HCP, five or more trump, bid game in partner's suit.- Minor suits - same requirments, but hand shoul}d be even more distributional in nature. Raise to 4 with 11-12 TP, 5 with 13-14 TP.(12)13-16 TP DOUBLE RAISE OF PARTNER'S }SUITRULE 3R - with four or more trump, raise the suit two levels (e.g.,1 Spade-3 Spades). This sort of hand has more HCP th}an that of RULE 2R.(12)13-15 HCP RAISE TO TWO NO TRUMPRULE 4R - with at least two cards of the bid suit, no singletons o}r voids, stoppers in all the unbid suits, no 5 card major, bid 2 No Trump. Count only HCP when bidding No Trump.16-17 HCP }RAISE TO THREE NO TRUMPRULE 5R - meeting all the requirements of RULE 4R, raise to 3 No Trump with 16-17 HCP.19+ TP JUMP} SHIFT IN A NEW SUITRULE 6R - bid a suit according to the rules for an opening bid with this point count. Bid the suit at a} level one higher than necessary (e.g.,1 Club-2 Hearts, 1 Spade-3 Diamonds).10-12 TP JUMP TO GAME IN A NEW SUITRULE 7R -} with an 8 card or longer suit, 3 of the top 4 cards and no high card strength in other suits, and less than 4 card trump sup}port (major suits only), bid game in the long suit.MAKE THE CHEAPEST BID USING THE FOLLOWING RULES.INTERMEDIATE HANDS10}-18 TP Hands in the 13-18 TP range fit in this category when not meeting the requirements for bids under STRONG HANDS.RULE} 8R - with trump support, do not bid trump when applying RULES 9R-11R.RULE 9R - with suits of unequal length, bid the longe}st suit.RULE 10R - with two suits of 5 cards or more and equal in length, bid the highest ranked suit.RULE 11R - with one} or more 4 card suits, make the cheapest bid you can make in a 4 card suit.RULE 12R - if you have trump support, bid the ha}nd's best minor suit (may be only a 3 card suit) if no other bid is available. This is known as 'Temporizing'.WEAK HANDS6}-9 TP AFTER A MAJOR SUIT OPENINGRULE 13R - with trump support, give partner's suit a single raise. This is preferred to RU}LES 14R-16R that follow.RULE 14R - with 9 TP and two 5 card or longer suits, apply rules 11R and 12R.RULE 15R - with a 6 }card or longer suit and 9 TP, bid the long suit.RULE 16R - if partner bid 1 Heart, with 8-9 TP and a 5 card Spade suit head}ed by an ace or face card, bid 1 Spade.6-9 TP AFTER A MINOR SUIT OPENINGRULE 17R - with two higher ranking suits of 5 ca}rds or longer and equal in length, bid the higher ranking suit.RULE 18R - with 2 higher ranking suits of 5 cards or longer }and unequal in length, bid the long suit if higher ranking than the shorter one; otherwise bid the shorter suit.RULE 19R - }with one 5 card or longer higher ranking suit, bid the long suit.RULE 20R - with only higher ranking 4 card suits, bid the} lowest ranked of these that is headed by an ace or face card.RULE 21R - without any of the above bids available and trump s}upport, give partner a single raise.6-10 HCP ONE NO TRUMP RESPONSERULE 22R - lacking trump support, no voids and prefera}bly no singletons, 6-10 HCP, high card strength in at least two suits, and no suit that can be bid at the one level, bid 1 No} Trump.RULE 23R - with a weak hand and no proper bid available, pass.WHAT IF THE OPPONENT BETWEEN US BIDS?Should your r}ight hand opponent overcall your partner, if you in turn make a response it is a 'free response', since you are not obligated} to bid after an overcall. To make a minimum free response (cheapest bid possible) at the one level or a single raise of part}ner's suit requires a minimum of 8 TP. A bid of 1 No Trump also requires a stopper in the opponent's suit. A new suit bid at }the two level must be headed by at least the queen. Temporizing bids as in RULE 12R shouldn't be made, and instead support pa}rtner's suit. Strong bids should be made as before. If you have length and strength in the opponent's suit it is frequently m}ore profitable to Double.EXAMPLE RESPONSES Your partner has opened with 1 Club and you holdS 10 9 3 S A J} 5H A Q 7 4 H A Q 9D 8 7 3 D K Q 10 3C J 3 2 C 8 4 2 1 HEART 3 NT R}ULE 20R RULE 5RS Q J 8 S A Q J 10H A J 5 H K Q 9 5D 10 7 3 2 D J 10 9 7C} 9 4 3 C 6 1 NT 1 DIAMOND RULE 22R RULE 11R Your partner has opened 1 diamon}d and you holdS VOID S K 6 3 2H 7 3 H 10 8D Q J 8 7 5 4 2 D J 10C A Q 3 2 C } K 9 8 7 4 5 DIAMONDS 1 SPADE RULE 2R RULE 20RS A Q 7 S K 9 7 4 3H K J 5 4 } H Q 8 6 4 3 2D 9 7 D 5 3C K J 5 4 C Q 2 NT 1 SPADE RULE 4R }RULE 18R Your partner has opened 1 Heart and you holdS 8 7 S K Q J 9 7H Q 5 3 H 10 3D }Q 9 4 D A Q J 6 5C K 8 6 5 3 C A 2 HEARTS 2 SPADES RULE 13R RULE 6RS K }J 5 3 2 S 9 7 5 2H 7 6 H K 9 2D Q 10 8 D K 7 5C Q 7 4 C A J 5 1 SPADE } 2 CLUBS RULE 16R RULES 8R,12R Your partner has opened one spade and you holdS 10 8 } S 8 2H 10 5 4 H A J 10 5 3D K Q J 8 7 D KC 8 4 2 C K Q 8 7 4 PASS } 2 HEARTS RULE 23R RULE 10RS 9 5 S J 10 5 4H 7 4 H K 5D K Q 10 8 7 6 D } 9 8 5C Q 5 2 C A Q 6 2 DIAMONDS 2 CLUBS RULE 15R RULES 8R,12ROPENER'S REBIDYou ha}ve opened the bidding with one of a suit and it is your turn to bid again. Your rebid is based on the strength of your hand, }what action your partner has taken, and if the opponents have bid. If your left hand opponent bid, and partner has made a min}imum bid, remember that this shows more strength (at least 8 TP).REBIDS AFTER A MINIMUM RESPONSE GUIDELINESY}ou have Partner bid You should12-15TP One No Trump Pass with a balanced } or semi- balanced hand, or if the right hand } opponent bids " Single raise Pass " New Suit Bid again16TP Any of above Bid a}gain17-19TP Any of above Bid again20+TP Any of above Get to gameNotice that 16TP hands are in a class by themselv}es. In some cases they qualify for strength-showing rebids, especially if the hand has good intermediate cards (9's & 10's). }But if the hand is flat its best to bid them as you would 12-15TP hands.If partner passed before responding to your opening }bid, you may pass with 13-14TP provided your hand supports his bid. Try to make another bid even with a minimum hand, however}.Minimum Bid of the Same Suit12-16TP. After a No Trump response indicates a distributional hand with no other biddable sui}t. After a response in a suit shows lack of support for partner's suit, no other lower ranking suit that can be bid at the ne}xt level, or if possible a higher ranking suit that can be bid at the same level. If suitable this bid can be made after any }response except a jump to game in another suit.REBIDS AFTER A ONE OVER ONE RESPONSEPartner has responded by bidding a hig}her ranking suit at the one level.One No Trump13-16TP. Denies support for partner's suit, any biddable suit that can be sh}own at the one level, and at least a semi-balanced hand. Your opening suit may be rebiddable if its a minor suit, and you may} have another biddable 4 card suit.Two No Trump16-18HCP. Distribution as for a No Trump opening bid. Stoppers in all the u}nbid suits. Not usually bid when an unbid 4 card major is present. Semi-forcing.Three No Trump19-21HCP. Same as 2 No Trump} above but a stronger hand.Single Raise of Partner's Suit12-16TP and trump support.Double Raise of Partner's Suit16-19T}P and at least 4 card trump support. If the raise is in a minor suit it denies any unbid 4 card or longer major and invites 3} No Trump if responder has values in the unbid suits and 8+HCP. If this takes the bidding to the 4 level, avoid making it in }a minor suit. Try to make another strength showing response instead. ForcingTriple Raise(to game) of Partner's Suit.20+TP }and at least 4 card trump support. Almost never done in a minor suit as it eliminates the chance of game at 3 No Trump.Jump} Rebid of Original Suit16-19TP and a 6 card or longer suit. At least 2 cards of partner's suit should be present, or opener'}s suit is solid or the hand has 18-19TP. Semi-forcingJump Rebid to Game in Original Suit.20+TP and at least a 6 card or lo}nger suit that is almost solid.Bidding a New Suit at the One Level.12-18TP and the suit bid is at least 4 cards in length }headed by the jack or better. Not Forcing. Responder may pass but polls show that most opening bidders are annoyed with such }timid bidding.Bidding a New Lower-Ranking Suit at the Two Level13-18TP and the suit bid is at least 4 cards headed by the }jack or better. When bid with a minimum hand (12-15TP) the hand should not be suitable for a One No Trump rebid.Jump Rebid }in a New Suit19+TP and the suit bid is at least 4 cards headed by at least the king or queen-jack. Forcing.REBIDS AFTER A }ONE NO TRUMP RESPONSEThe One No Trump response shows 6-10HCP. The opener should pass unless game is possible or the hand is} unsuitable for No Trump play. With a minimum (12-15TP) hand, the opener should also pass if the right hand opponent bids. If} a rebid is appropriate, make the most suitable bid already listed.REBIDS AFTER SINGLE RAISE OF OPENER'S SUIT12-16TP Pass}.Rebid of Supported Suit to the Next Level16-19TP and shows a rebiddable suit. If the suit is a minor, this bid invites 3 }No Trump the same as a supporting raise of partner's minor suit response.Two No Trump17-18HCP and stoppers in all the unbi}d suits. If the supported suit is a major, do this only with well-distributed high card strength.Three No Trump19-21HCP an}d the same requirements as 2 No Trump but a stronger hand.Jump to Game in Original Suit20+TP. This bid is most useful with} major suits. Jump to game in a minor suit only with a strong distributional hand not likely to make a slam.REBIDS AFTER A }TWO OVER ONE RESPONSEYour partner has responded by bidding a lower ranking suit at the two level. He must have at least 10T}P (or a good 9TP) to do so. With 16+TP game is probable. With 12-15TP game is possible. Don't pass unless you don't like your} partner!Bid as after a One Over One Response with the following adjustments:1-Two No Trump HCP minimum is now 162-Three} No Trump HCP minimum is now 183-Jump Rebid in a new suit minimum is now 18TP.4-If partner bid a minor suit, don't give a d}ouble raise unless your hand is unsuitable for No Trump play. Try to make another bid instead.REBIDS AFTER STRENGTH SHOWING} RESPONSESAFTER A DOUBLE RAISE OF OPENER'S SUIT3 No Trump12-16TP and a semi-balanced or balanced hand and stoppers in al}l unbid suits. If the suit is a minor, and stoppers in only 3 suits, bid a higher level suit that you have stopped. If a majo}r, bid 3 No Trump only with well distributed high card strength.12-16TP Rebid the Suit to the 4 Level17+TP investigate th}e hand for slam possibilities. Cue bid control of another suit or go to Blackwood.AFTER A TRIPLE RAISE OF OPENER'S SUIT12}-19TP - if a major suit, pass.12-19TP - if a minor suit, raise to the 5 level with 16+TP, unless partner already bid game. P}ass otherwise.20+TP Investigate the hand for slam. If the bid level is already at 5 of a minor, the choice is either to pas}s or bidding small slam.AFTER A JUMP FORCEPartner has bid one more than necessary in a new suit, indicating at least 19TP}. Slam is probable if a reasonable fit can be found.12+TP - bid the following listed in order of preference:1-Bid a second} biddable suit. With 15+TP this is the best bid. With 15+TP you may bid a 3 card minor if necessary.2-Rebid your suit if re}biddable and 15TP maximum.3-Give your partner's suit a raise with trump support.4-Bid No Trump at the minimum level with }13-15TP.AFTER A 2 NO TRUMP RESPONSEUnless partner previously passed, you must bid until game is reached. With 14+TP game  }must be reached even if partner passed.12-18TP In order of preference-1-bid 3 No Trump with a semi-balanced or balanced ha }nd.2-bid any new 4 card or longer suit headed by the jack or better.3-rebid your suit at the minimum level.19+TP-investiga }te for slam.AFTER PARTNER HAS RAISED TO GAME IN A NEW SUIT12-19TP Pass.20+TP and any cards in partner's suit, bid small } slam holding 3 or more aces and/or singletons or voids, grand slam with 4 aces and/or voids.AFTER PARTNER HAS RAISED TO 3  }NO TRUMP.12-16TP Pass with a semi-balanced or balanced hand. Bid a new lower ranking 4 card or longer suit. Rebid you suit} if rebiddable.17+TP Slam is likely, but you must first establish if it is better played in No Trump or a suit. Bid a new }suit or go to Blackwood if you already know what contract is preferred.WHAT IF THE OPPONENT BIDS?With a minimum hand (13-}15TP) you should pass if the right hand opponent bids. This indicates the minimum nature of your hand. With 16+TP you should }continue bidding.If the opponent makes a Pre-emptive bid, consideration should be given to the defensive strength of your h}and. A penalty Double may be in order. Pre-emptive bids are used to interfere with the other side's bidding, however, so by p}assing or doubling you may be missing game. Expert bridge players are often unsure when to Double, Pass or continue bidding a}t higher levels of competitive bidding, so don't feel bad. Each hand has to be considered individually in these cases, and wi}th experience your ability to make the correct bid will improve.and has to be considered individually in these cases, and wiASECOND RESPONSE GUIDELINESPoints Partner Bid You Should0-5 Any Usually pass6-9 Minimum B }id Pass or make a preference bid6-7 Semi-Forcing Pass8-9 Semi-Forcing Try to bid game6-9 } Forcing Bid Get to Game10-12 Minimum Bid Bid Again10-12 Semi-Forcing Get to Game /Forcing Bid13+ } Any of Above Get to GameTRUMP SUPPORT REVISITEDAfter a second bid by partner, should he rebid his opening suit, the req }uirements for adequate trump support are reduced. By rebidding the suit it is known to be a good 5 card or 6 card or longer s }uit. Minimum trump support is then any 3 cards or two cards, one of which is the jack or higher.If partner has bid two suit }s, if you have trump support it is usually better to support one of his suits rather than rebid one of yours. If it can be de }termined that he has a 5 card and a 4 card suit, if you have 2 cards of the 5 card suit and 3 cards of the 4 card suit, it is } better to support the 5 card suit. If he is 5-4 and you have 3 cards of the 5 card suit and 4 cards of the 4 card suit, it i }s better to support the 4 card suit, unless his 5 card suit is a major and his 4 card suit is a minor.2ND RESPONSE AFTER A }STRENGTH SHOWING BID13+TPYou responded initially by bidding 2 or 3 No Trump, a Double or Triple raise of partner's suit or !} a Jump Response in a New Suit. Partner's rebid was based on knowing your strength, so subsequent responses, if necessary, sh "}ould be at a minimum level. If game has already been bid, Pass unless a better game contract exists, or Slam is probable. If #}partner bid game in No Trump, is that the best place to be, or do you have an unbalanced hand and support for his suit or a g $}ood suit of your own? It depends on your hand.2ND RESPONSE AFTER A MINIMUM RESPONSE13+TPYour hand wasn't suitable for ma %}king an initial strength showing response, but the pairs' combined hand strength should be enough for game, maybe even slam. &}Your initial response promised as little as 6TP, so now its your job to let partner know that game is probable. This can be d '}one in one of two ways--A jump to game can be bid in No Trump with a semi-balanced or balanced hand and 13+HCP and stoppers (}in all unbid suits.-A jump to game can be bid in your suit if partner raised the suit or bid No Trump and your suit is 6 car )}ds or longer. You need 16+TP to do this in a minor suit.-A jump to game in partner's suit can be bid if you have trump suppo *}rt. You need 16+TP to do this in a minor suit.-If none of these bids are suitable, and a serious misfit is not apparent, a j +}ump rebid in a new suit is the best bid. Try to find a different bid, though, if by jumping the bid exceeds 3 No Trump and ga ,}me in No Trump is a possibility.10-12TP-if partner has jumped to game, Pass unless the bid is 3 No Trump and your hand is -}unbalanced.-if partner has made any Semi-Forcing or Forcing bid, make sure you get to game.-make one more bid after any min .}imum rebid by opener.10-12TP Action to take in order of preference1 - If your first response was a temporizing bid, and y /}ou have support for partner's first suit, show this by raising the suit. A jump raise in the original suit shows 11-12TP if y 0}our first response was at the two level.2 - Bid 2 No Trump with 11-13 HCP and stoppers in all the unbid suits.3 - If partne 1}r raised your suit, rebid the suit if its a major. If its a minor, partner's raise invites a No Trump bid.4 - Bid any other 2}4 card or longer suit not previously bid by you or the opponents.5 - Rebid a good 5 card or any 6 card or longer suit.6-9T 3}P Take the Following ActionAfter a Game Bid-Pass unless you have a very long suit (7+cards) that is likely to be useless t 4}o partner and no support for his suit. In that event rebid your long suit at the cheapest level.After a Forcing Bid-make s 5}ure game is reached, by supporting one of partner's suits or bidding one of yours, as appropriateAfter a Semi-Forcing Bid- 6}if the rebid is 2 No Trump, bid 3 No Trump with 8+HCP. Otherwise Pass unless unbalanced.-if the rebid is a Double Raise of y 7}our suit or a Rebid of opener's suit after you gave him a single raise, then if the raised suit is a major bid 4 of the suit 8}with 8-9TP, pass with less. If under similar conditions and the suit is a minor, bid 3 No Trump with 8 or 9 well scattered HC 9}P. Pass with less.After a Minimum Rebid-Respond at the Minimum LevelRebid of opening suit-PassRebid of One No Trump-P :}ass unless your hand is unbalanced. In that case-bid your suit if 5 cards or longer.-rebid partner's opening suit if its a ;}major and you have 2+ cards of the suit, or if its a minor and you have 3+ Cards of the suit.Rebid of a Single Raise of You <}r Suit-PassRebid of a New Suit-express a simple preference-if you have less than 3 cards of either of his suits and you =}have a rebiddable 5 card or longer suit, rebid your suit.-if his first suit was a major, rebid his suit with 2+ cards. Pass >}if you have less than 2 cards of the first suit or 4 cards of the second suit.-if his first suit was a minor and the second ?}a major, pass with 3 or more cards in the second suit, or less than 3 cards of the first suit.-if both of his suits are mino @}rs, rebid the first suit with three or more cards of the suit and less than 4 cards of the second. Pass with 3+ cards of the A}second suit or less than 2 cards of the first suit.-if the bidding is still at the one level and your hand is at least semi- B}balanced, with 6-9HCP and no reasonable fit bid One No Trump.-if none of the above, Pass.WHAT IF THE RIGHT HAND OPPONENT B C}IDS?-Pass with a minimum (6-9TP) hand.-With 10+TP you should continue bidding. Any bid by you in No Trump requires a posit D}ive stopper in the opponent's suit. Avoid Temporizing bids. Bids of previously unbid 4 card suits should be limited to suits E}headed by the queen or better. A penalty Double is a possible bid if you have defensive playing strength and no good fit has F}been found.IF EITHER OPPONENT HAS BID-If you previously passed, with 4-5TP (or 6-7TP if you initially passed after an opp G}onent bid) and good support (4+trumps) for partner, a competitive raise in his suit may be in order. Pass if you're Vulnerabl H}e unless you also have good distributional values. When in doubt, Pass.-If opener passes, he's indicated a minimum hand. Wit I}h less than 10TP you should bid only with good support or an exceptionally good suit of your own. With 10-12TP you should bid J} competitively. With 13+TP you should still try to find a game contract. Penalty Doubles are a good bet with defensive playin K}g strength.LATER REBIDS AND RESPONSESTwo rounds of bidding have taken place. If still bidding, you're dealing with one of L} three probems:1 - Whether game or slam should be bid2 - What suit(or No Trump) to play in3 - The opponents have the high M}bid and you must decide whether to Pass, Double or make a higher bid.In the first case trumps have already been established N} and previous bidding should suggest whether game or slam are likely.In the second case, previous bidding will have indicat O}ed the strength and distribution of the hands to a large extent.-If you are the responder, with 6-9TP you should now pass i P}f the bidding has gone past the one level, or express a simple preference. In any case, as responder each bid that you make s Q}hows a little more strength.-If the bid is at a higher level and no fit is apparent, don't be afraid to pass. Misfit hands R}can be severely penalized if the bidding gets too high.-Some hands require 3 bids to properly describe. These are mostly tw S}o-suiters with 5 card or longer suits. If no fit has yet been found, rebid the second bid suit. This marks the hand as two-su T}ited.The third case is the toughest. Vulnerability, distribution, defensive strength and whether a fit has been established U} between you and partner all enter into the decision. Sometimes the opponents will rob you of a makeable game contract by sac V}rificing. It happens to everybody. GUIDELINES1 - If game is not likely, pass or signoff by making a minimum reb W}id, as appropriate.2 - Rebid at the minimum level unless game is possible.3 - Don't rebid just because you don't like par X}tner's suits.4 - One over one bidding by responder is forcing. One over one bidding by the opening bidder is not forcing. Y}5 - Bids that force the opening bidder to a higher level promise more than the minimum strength already promised by previous Z}bids.6 - Don't bid No Trump as a denial of partner's suit. A partial fit is expected.ONE AND TWO NO TRUMP RESPONSES AND RE [}BIDSThe No Trump AdvantageThe beginning player may be a little puzzled by No Trump. When a contract is played in a suit, \}trump cards are often used to 'ruff' other suit leads and take the trick. In No Trump, all the suits are equal, so when a sui ]}t is led the high card played of that suit wins the trick. Any other card from any other suit is powerless.There are advant ^}ages in bidding and in playing No Trump. A bid of No Trump is the highest bid possible at that level. If the opponents want t _}o stick in a bid they must go at least one level higher, where they might get into trouble.The bid advantage of No Trump, h `}owever, is that game can be bid in No Trump at the 3 level. This requires that you take one less trick than required for a ga a}me in a major suit, and two less than needed for game in a minor suit. 3 No Trump is well worth considering as a game contrac b}t when the pairs' hands fit in the minor suits, provided adequate stoppers exist in the other suits, as a shortcut to game an c}d game bonuses. Even hands that have a so-so major suit fit are worth considering for a contract in No Trump if the hands hav d}e well distributed high card strength. Partial contracts in No Trump also yield more points if successful. Contracts in No Tr e}ump are frequent in competitive play for these reasons.BT uses both Jacoby and Stayman conventions in response to 1 and 2 N f}o Trump bids, as well as 1 No Trump overcalls. The responder in using a transfer bid, makes an artificial bid that specifies g}to partner what bid(s) are expected at his next turn. By doing so, the strongest hand is usually held and concealed by Declar q}BPDOC 000BTDOC 001BDOC 002BDOC 003B%DOS SYSB FONT SETB-AUTORUN SYSer and the opening lead is through the weaker hand. Jacoby Transfers also have the added advantage of allowing a limit raise r}after a One No Trump bid which is not possible in standard bidding. Transfer bids are more difficult to learn but worth the e s}ffort.TRANSFER BIDS - ONE NO TRUMP OPENINGYour suit is Transfer bidClubs 2 SpadesDiamonds t} 3 ClubsHearts 2 DiamondsSpades 2 Hearts4 card major(1 or 2) 2 ClubsTransfer bids u} are made after a 2 No Trump opening in the same manner but one level higher. Never transfer directly to a 4 card suit. Balan v}ced hands with high card strength should respond in No Trump. Transfers to the minor suits are done mainly with weak hands an w}d long suits or if slam is possible. This is especially true when partner has opened with 2 No Trump.ONE NO TRUMP RESPONSES x} AND REBIDSA One No Trump opening bid indicates 15-18HCP, no singleton or void and not more than one doubleton. The hand ha y}s no 5 card major and stoppers in at least 3 suits.RESPONSERULE 1NT - with less than 8TP and a balanced or semi-balanced z}hand, Pass.RULE 2NT - with 0+TP and a five card major or any 6 card or longer suit, or if you have 14+TP and a 5 card minor {}, make a transfer bid to your suit. FORCING.RULE 3NT - with 8+TP and one or both majors is a biddable 4 card suit, bid 2 Cl |}ubs. FORCING.RULE 4NT - with 8-9HCP and a balanced or semi-balanced hand, bid 2 No Trump.RULE 5NT - with 10-14HCP and a b }}alanced or semi-balanced hand, bid 3 No Trump.RULE 6NT - with 15+HCP and at least semi-balanced, go to Blackwood.REBIDS ~}AFTER A 2 CLUBS RESPONSERULE 7NT - with no 4 card major, bid 2 Diamonds. FORCINGRULE 8NT - with a 4 card Spade suit, bid }2 Spades. You may also have a 4 card Heart suit.RULE 9NT - with a 4 card Heart suit only, bid 2 Hearts.AFTER A RESPONSE I }N ANY OTHER SUITRULE 10NT - bid the next higher suit. If responder bid 2 Spades, bid 3 Clubs.AFTER A TWO NO TRUMP RESPONS }ERULE 11NT - Pass with 15-16HCP. Bid 3 No Trump with 17-18HCP.AFTER A THREE NO TRUMP RESPONSERULE 12NT - Pass2ND RESP }ONSEAFTER AN INITIAL RESPONSE OF 2 CLUBSRULE 13NT - if partner bid 2 Diamonds, bid 2 No Trump with 8-9HCP, 3 No Trump wit }h 10-14HCP.RULE 14NT - if partner bid 2 Spades and you have only a 4 card heart suit, bid 3 hearts.RULE 15NT - if partner } bid 2 Hearts and you have only a 4 card spade suit, bid as per RULE 13NT.RULE 16NT - if partner bid one of your 4 card maj }ors, raise the suit one level with 8-9TP, raise to game with 10-14TP. With 15+TP go to Blackwood.AFTER AN INITIAL RESPONSE }IN A SUITRULE 17NT - Pass with 0-7TP and partner has bid your suit.RULE 18NT - if the hand is at least semi-balanced, the }n if the transfer was to a minor suit which is readily established, or if the transfer was to a 5 card major, bid 2 No Trump }with 8-9HCP, 3 No Trump with 10-14HCP. With 15+TP, go to Blackwood.RULE 19NT - if the transfer was to a 6 card or longer ma }jor, raise in the suit one level with 8-9TP. Raise to game with 10-14TP, and go to Blackwood with 15+TP.RULE 20NT - if the }transfer was to a 6 card or longer minor, pass with 8-9TP. Raise in the suit one level with 10-12TP. Raise in the suit to gam }e level with 13-14TP. Go to Blackwood with 15+TP.RULE 21NT - if the transfer was to a 5 card suit, you have an unbalanced h }and and another biddable suit, bid the other suit at the minimum level.AFTER AN INITIAL RESPONSE IN NO TRUMPRULE 22NT - P }ass unless interested in slam.SECOND REBIDAFTER PARTNER RAISED TO GAME IN A SUIT, ORAFTER PARTNER RAISED TO 3 NO TRUMP A }FTER AN INITIAL RESPONSE OF 2 CLUBS OR A TRANSFER TO A MINOR SUITRULE 23NT - Pass unless after a transfer to a minor suit a }nd the hand does not have stoppers in the other suits. In that case, rebid the minor suit.AFTER PARTNER RAISED TO TWO OR TH }REE NO TRUMP AFTER A TRANSFER TO A MAJOR SUITRULE 24NT - with any 2 cards or 3 small cards in the suit, Pass 3 No Trump. Pa }ss 2 No Trump with 15-16HCP. Raise to 3 No Trump with 17-18HCP.RULE 25NT - with 3 cards headed by an honor or any 4 cards i }n the suit, rebid the suit. Bid game in the suit after 2 No Trump and holding 17-18HCP.AFTER A BID IN A NEW SUIT BY RESPOND }ERRULE 26NT - if your strength is concentrated in the other two suits not bid, raise to 3 No Trump.RULE 27NT - rebid the }suit your hand fits with best to game level, with a preference to a major suit.LATER RESPONSES AND REBIDSAt this point it }s been determined what to play the hand in. Both players should pass unless slam is afoot.TWO NO TRUMP RESPONSES AND REBIDS }A Two No Trump opening indicates 22-24HCP, no singleton or void and not more than one doubleton, with stoppers in all 4 sui }ts.Responder needs only 4TP to bid after a 2 No Trump opener. Pass with 0-3TP unless the hand is unbalanced. With 10+TP res }ponder should be interested in slam after finding the best location to play in.Responses and Rebids generally follow the sa }me rules as after a One No Trump opener. Transfer bids to minor suits are limited to hands with slam potential or those highl }y distributional. Responder should not bid a new suit after a transfer unless two-suited (5-5 or more). After a major suit tr }ansfer responder should rebid 3 No Trump unless two-suited or the suit is 6 cards or longer. Emphasis should be on playing th }e hand in No Trump.WHAT IF AN OPPONENT BIDSAfter a No Trump opening bid the opponents are not likely to enter the bidding }. If they do BT has the following practice that holds for all bidding made after an opponent's bid.- If the bid made is exac }tly the same bid as you were going to make, Double.- If you have a weak hand that would be worth a bid only to find a better } place to play the hand, Pass- If your hand is game-going, bid as before, at a higher level if necessary.EXAMPLESThe Corr }ect Bid and Guiding RULE are shown under each hand.Your Partner Has Opened With One No Trump and you holdS 10 9 7 3 } S 9 4H K J 4 H K Q 10 7 3D A 9 5 D J 10 4C 8 7 4 C 7 6 2 2 No Trump 2 D }iamonds RULE 4NT RULE 2NTS J 9 4 S K J 8 7H Q 7 5 2 H Q 10 5 4D J 6 4 3 D A }10C 9 8 C 8 4 3 Pass 2 Clubs RULE 1NT RULE 3NTYou Opened One No Trump, Partner } Responded 2 ClubsS A Q 4 S A 7H K 4 H K Q J 4D K Q 5 3 D K 9 8 3C Q 10 7 6 }C A 7 5 2 Diamonds 2 Hearts RULE 7NT RULE 9NTYou Opened One No Trump and Partner Responded-2 Sp }ades 3 ClubsS A K 10 S A Q 3H A K 4 H K 9 8D 10 9 8 3 D Q 7C Q 8 7 }C A J 5 3 2 3 Clubs 3 Diamonds RULE 10NT RULE 10NTAfter One No Trump, You Responded 2 Clubs and } Partner Rebid-2 Diamonds 2 SpadesS K J 8 5 S 8 7H 9 7 6 H K J 8 6D A 9 D 1 }0 9 7 6 4C J 7 4 2 C A Q 2 No Trump 3 Hearts RULE 13NT RULE 14NTAfter One No Trump, You }Transferred to Your Long Suit, and Partner Rebid-3 Diamonds 2 SpadesS 10 6 S K 10 7 3 2H 8 3 } H A 5D J 9 8 7 4 3 2 D Q 8 3C K 4 C J 10 7 Pass 3 No Trump RULE 17NT } RULE 18NTNO TRUMP TRANSFER PRACTICE HANDS ON DISKHAND #1South is the dealer and holds the followingS A J 7H A Q 7 }5D K 8 4C K J 5Bid One No Trump. West passes and North bids 2 Clubs, requesting South to bid a 4 card major, if any. Ea }st passes and South bids 2 Hearts. West passes and North bids 3 Hearts, indicating 8-9 TP. East passes and South bids 4 Heart }s. All pass.4 Hearts can be made, but upon review it will be apparent that 3 No Trump can be defeated with proper defense. }Even with a balanced hand such as South's, a 4-4 or better major fit with partner is almost always a better bet than No Trump } when the other suits are relatively weak, as are diamonds in South's hand.HAND #2North is the dealer and opens One No Tr }ump. East passes and South holdsS K Q 10 3 2H 8 6 3D Q J 5C Q 4Bid 2 Hearts, requesting a bid of 2 Spades. West pa }sses and North bids 2 Spades. East passes, and South with 10 HCP and fairly balanced, bids 3 No Trump. West passes and North }bids 4 Spades. All pass.4 Spades can be made if played successfully, while a 3 No Trump contract would probably be beaten. }With East on lead by bidding transfers, North's KJ have been protected from the opening lead.PRE-EMPTIVE BIDDINGHands that } qualify for pre-emptive bids have longs suits and are weak defensively. The purpose of making such a bid is to keep the oppo }nents from entering the bidding, or at least hamper their communication. There is a strong element of sacrifice to pre-emptiv }e bidding.BT engages in 4 types of Pre-emptive bidding:1 - Opening bids of 2 of a major suit or 3 of a minor suit.2 - Op }ening bids of game in major and minor suits.3 - Opening bids of Three No Trump (Gambling).4 - Defensive Weak jump overcalls }.This chapter considers the first two types of pre-emptive bidding.OPENING BIDS OF TWO OF A MAJOR OR THREE OF A MINORRe }quirements for bidding:1 - Not more than 2 defensive tricks.2 - A 6 card suit with 2 or more of the top 4 honors totalling } 4+TP, or a 7 card or longer suit with at least 2 of the top 5 honors.3 - 7-12TP Not Vulnerable, 9-12TP Vulnerable. If a 6 c }ard suit, 8-12TP Not Vulnerable, 10-12TP Vulnerable.4 - No other rebiddable suit.DO NOT open a qualifying hand when you ar }e in the 4th position and you have LESS THAN 2 defensive tricks.RESPONSETrump Support Requirements3 or more cards or 2 c }ards including an honor.Pass unless one of the following apply.1 - with trump support, 13+TP and at least 4 sure tricks di }vided 0between at least 2 other suits, you may raise to game in partner's suit.2 - With trump support that includes an honor }, 13+TP, 3 sure tricks and positive stoppers in all the other suits, you may bid 3 No Trump. This is the preferred response t }o a pre-emptive bid of 3 of a minor suit.3 - With trump support including the ace or king, first round control (ace or void) } in all the other suits and 5 or more sure tricks, bid slam or go to Blackwood as appropriate.4 - With trump support and 13+ }TP and 3 sure tricks divided between at least 2 other suits, give partner's suit a single raise.5 - With trump support, 6-12 }TP, pass unless the opponents bid. If they do you may raise partner's suit. When Vulnerable or less than 2 DIS you should hav }e 9-12TP to bid.REBIDSYou should Pass unless your partner has given your suit a single raise and the opponents have not b }id. Then you may raise to game with 11-12TP. Pass with less TP.LATER RESPONSES AND REBIDSIf the opponents bid and you hav }e defensive strength then penalty Doubles should be considered. Before Doubling keep in mind that when partner has bid pre-em }ptively he may have no defensive strength.If your hand is distributional and you have trump support, a sacrifice bid may be } in order if the opponents have bid game. This is especially true when they are Vulnerable and you're not. In counting up tri }cks you're side is likely to take with partner's suit trump, you can figure on 6 tricks from his hand.An opening pre-emptiv }e bidder should pass 90% of the time in the later rounds. The only cases in which a bid by you is reasonable is when you hold } 11-12TP and partner raised your suit competing with the opponents. The situations when you can then bid are much the same as } for your partner.OPENING BIDS OF GAME IN A SUITRequirements for bidding:1 - Not more than 2 defensive tricks.2 - A maj }or suit of at least 7 cards or a minor suit of at least 8 cards.3 - At least 3 of the top 5 honors.4 - 14TP maximum.5 - No } other rebiddable suit.6 - the hand will win enough tricks with the long suit trump to meet the requirements of the Rule of }2 and 3.DO NOT open a qualifying hand in the 4th position without 2 defensive tricks.In this position you should have a rea }sonable chance to make any pre-emptive contract that you bid. In that position safer bids are an opening bid of one of the su }it if sufficiently strong, or bids of 2 or 3 of the suit.RESPONSETrump Support Requirements:2 or more cards of the suit }or a singleton honor.Since partner has already bid game, you should bid only if the opponents enter the bidding or slam is }likely. Pass unless one of the following apply:1 - If the opponents bid,then if you have the ace or king of partner's and o }ne or more other cards of his suit and one other sure trick, you may raise his suit.2 - If the opponents bid and you have at } least one card of partner's suit and 2 or more sure tricks divided between at least 2 other suits, you may raise partner's s }uit.3 - With trump support, first round control (ace or void) in at least 2 other suits, second round control (king or singl }eton of the third suit, and at least 4 sure tricks, you can make a slam try. This means bidding 4 No Trump (Blackwood) after }a major suit game bid or bidding 6 or 7 if partner bid a minor suit game bid.If the opponents bid after partner's pre-empti }ve game bid, with 2 or more defensive tricks a penalty Double is worth considering. Especially if you have strength in their }suit and/or they are Vulnerable. If slam on your side is a good possibility then you should bid it. A Vulnerable game for you }r side is preferable to penalties adding to less than 700. It depends on your hand.should bid it. A Vulnerable game for youUREBIDSYou should Pass unless partner forces you to bid with Blackwood.END OF SIDE ONETurn over disk and reboot for side }two.SYou should Pass unless partner forces you to bid with Blackwood.END OF SIDE ONETurn over disk and reboot for side d M * @  $ % CC$$)%1 Udߥ$9%: !0 S$%} DD˙`  }J)Lr J  ((  p L ()   J}L= ( L 0q A    IB JC;? D W } LL  ` W )LA!  ߰")-݆ p" } $G@LL 08`Q")<2Q0 -G$Ș݆ UL# ; p8(()(0ʥ)NQ`}$GȘ݆LU )L ݆ L GȘ ݆LL )W>Z   HH)H }p h  hyhy D L> L JJ    ! LA*` BF}7'8  M HN H` 8 Z  \LdJJ!"! GFE@F (!L}EE !E^ ^ E E7EȩEdE/EȩE  D} .L }  ;F d  ;?F7F? ( .   Z D LL d } . 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